Ball-forging machine



Nov. 2 1926. 1,605,508 w A.-CANDA BALL FORGING MACHINE Filed March 17, I925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 S/PVLPM l boa Abeel Gab/162a L: E k-01112041 7 Nov. 2, 1926. 1,605,508

A. CANDA BALL FORGING MACHINE Filed March 17, 925 4Sheets Sheet '2 Nov; 2 I926.

A. CANDA BALL FORGING MACHINE Filed March 17 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 A @862 (Ya/1262a A. CANDA BALL FORGING [MACHINE Nov. 2 1926.

1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 (gm/00mm flbeel Oa/nda/ Filed March 17 Patented Nov. 2, 1926.

UNETE STATES ABEEL CANDA, OF GRANFORD, NEW JERSEY.

BALL-FORGING MACHINE.

Application filed March 17, 1925.

My invention relates to the forging of balls, slugs, discs and the likefrom long rods or bars in a manner which will produce practically perfect spherical bodies in a single operation.

The object of my invention is to so construct the grooved roll and stationary shoe of this type of ball forging machines that they will coact in an entirely new manner and will produce a forging action upon the material of the stock which entirely eliminates the defects in the finished product heretofore encountered and will form practically perfect spherical bodies.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a machine embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is an end view taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a vertical sectional view on the line 33 of Fig. 1; Fig. i, is a top plan View of the machine; Figs. 5 and 6 are detail views illustrating different positions of the feeding mechanism. Fig. 7, is a detail sectional view on the line 77 of Fig. 5; Fig. 8, is a detail sectional view on the line 8-8 of Fig. 2; Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view on the line 9-9 of Fig. 3; and Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view showing the relative positions of aball on the shoe and the roll in its travel through the machine.

I provide the periphery of the roll 12 and the inner face of the shoe 14 with helical grooves of the same pitch but slanting in opposite directions. In Fig. 1, I have broken away a portion of the shoe in order to expose the grooved roll and have indicated in broken llnes the oppositely extendlng grooves of the shoe.

The arcuate space or pass between the.

shoe and the roll is divided at any instant into an elongated diamond shaped space bounded by the crossing ribs of the shoe and roll. Inasmuch as the ribs of the shoe are stationary while those of the roll are constantly changing their relative position as the roll rotates, there will be, at any instant, certain positions spaced apart at equal distances, where the inner edges of the ribs of the shoe and those of the roll will be opposite each other on a horizontal line, as indicated in Fig. 8. At other positions the ribs intersect, while between these positions the ribs are in various staggered relations such as illustrated in Fig. 7.

It will be evident that the stock rods or bars 15 must be fed into the pass between Serial No. 16,195.

the roll and the shoe at the precise instant when the ribs are exactly opposite each other at the mouth or entrance of the pass, as indicated in Fig. 8. For this purpose I provide a feeding mechanism which only permits a rod to enter when the parts are in this proper position. The rods slide down the inclined feed table 17 and the lowest enters a notch in the feed wheels 18 as they are intermittently turned step by step as the star wheel 20 on the shaft 19 is engaged by one of the pins 21 projecting from the end of the roll. In Fig. 2, the parts are in the position where the feed device has just fed a rod into the pass, the ribs being in the position indicated in Fig. 8, while at all other times when the ribs are in staggered relation, such as shown in Fig. 7, the feed wheels hold the rods back.

The diagram of Fig. 10 is a development of the grooved periphery of the roll, the relative position of the ribs defining the grooves of the shoe being shown in broken lines. As previously stated, when a rod enters the pass,- on the line 88 of Fig. 2, the ribs at this point are directly opposite each other, as shown in Fig. 8, and they immediately begin to cut into the rod. The biting edges of the ribs which thus initially cut into the bar, define the width of the diamond shaped spaces bounded by the oppositely slanting ribs or edges of the grooves. Inasmuch as the pairs of ribs of the roll and of the shoe embedded themselves in the rod throughout its length when they were opposite each other and are constantly cutting deeper,'it is evident that the ribs cannot change their relative positions on the rod as it is moved downward through the pass by the rotating roll. As the shoe is immovable and the grooves are therefore fixed in position, the descending rod must follow these grooves in an oblique path, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 10 by the positions 15, 15 15 and 15 Since the grooves of the rotating roll slant in the opposite direction to those ofthe shoe, the sections of the rod which are being severed by the ribs must follow backwardly in the grooves of the roll, that is, in a reverse direction to the direction of rotation. I have indicated these relative movements diagrammatically in Fig. 10. Thus if a rod enters the pass at the position 15, when it has moved downwardly along the groove in the shoe to the position 15 the point reached in the roll is indicated at l5 and it will be observed that the rod has moved backwardly along the same groove in the roll at the same time it has moved forwardly in space or along the pass. Likewise when the rod or steel; has reached the position 15" in the shoe, the point in the groove in the roll which then coincides with it is indicated by'the position 15 and when the stock or ball, since the rod has now been severed, has reached the position 15 in the groove of the shoe, the coinciding point in the roll is indicated at 15.

As the ribs of the roll and shoe cut into the stock rod, previously heated to a welding hea the displaced metal is forced to flow into the deeper portions of the grooves in the manner well understood. By the coaction of the oppositely inclined grooves which con tinually exert pressures from opposite directions upon the metal being displaced I am enabled to produce a forging action or effect which works the metal as it flows into the recesses of the grooves, compacting it into a thoroughly homogeneous mass and effectually eradicating any internal or surface flaws, grooves or other imperfections. The forging and kneading action upon the material being shaped is further enhanced by the fact that the grooves of the shoe are stationary while the walls of the rotating grooves of the roll are rotating the stock and rubbing it against the walls of the grooves of the stationary shoe. By referring to Fig. 10, it will be seen that the stock travels in the groove of the roll at twice the speed that it moves along the groove of the shoe or reducing die. Consequently the surface of the roll is constantly slipping over the stock and causing it to rotate in the grooves. As the metal flows inwardly from the cutting edges of the grooves, itis simultaneously subjected to the shaping action caused by its axial rotation. Hence the internal molecular structure is kneaded into a dense flawless body while the surface layers are being molded into true spherical form.

I claim 1. A machine for forging balls, slugs, discs and the like, from rods or bars, comprising a spirally grooved roll and a cooperating grooved shoe, the grooves in the roll and in the shoe being respectively inclined in opposite directions so that diamond-- shaped pockets are formed between the roll and shoe at those points where the ribs which separate the grooves in the shoe intersect the rotation of the rolls causing each pocket to travel forwardly in the direction of rotation along a groove in the shoe and to move backwardly in the corresponding groove in the roll.

2. A machine for forging balls, slugs, discs and the like, from heated rods or bars, comprising a roll having a plurality of parallel spiral grooves, a cooperating stationary shoe having a plurality of parallel grooves of like pitch to those of the roll but inclined in the opposite direction, whereby the rotation of the roll causes the diamond-shaped rccesses or pockets formed successively by the intersecting grooves of the roll and shoe to progress forwardly along the grooves of the shoe and to retrograde at double the speed along the grooves of the roll and means for feeding the heated bars successively into the mouth of the pass between the roll and the shoe at the instants of intersection of the ribs which separate the grooves.

3. In a machine as set forth in claim 1, means for inserting a rod or bar in the mouth of the pass between the roll and the shoe when the ribs of the roll and the shoe intersect.

4. In a machine set forth in claim 1, a feed device for inserting the rods or bars into the mouth of the pass between the roll and the shoe, comprising a feed wheel having lingers adapted to grasp the rods snecessively and means operatively associated with the roll for intermittenti y moving said Wheel.

5. In machine as set forth in claim 1, a feed device for inserting the rods or bars into the mouth of the pass between the roll and the shoe, comprising a feed table, a feed wheel having lingers adapted to grasp the rods successively from said table, a star wheel connected to said feed wheel and pins projecting from the end of said roll. adapted to engage said star wheel to thereby move said feed wheel intermittently.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature.

ABEEL CANDA. 

